Activate the Yeast: In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the warm milk (or water) and brown sugar. Sprinkle the active dry yeast on top and let it sit for about 5 minutes until it becomes frothy, indicating that the yeast is activated.

Prepare the Dough: Add the all-purpose flour, melted butter, and fine sea salt to the yeast mixture. Mix until the ingredients are well combined. If the dough is too sticky, add a bit more flour. Knead the dough for approximately 4 minutes until it becomes smooth and elastic.

Let the Dough Rise: Transfer the kneaded dough to a lightly oiled bowl, cover it with a damp towel, and place it in a warm area. Allow the dough to rise for 20 to 30 minutes, or until it has doubled in size.

Preheat the Oven and Prepare Boiling Solution: Preheat your oven to 450°F (232°C). Line two large baking sheets with parchment paper and set them aside. In a large stockpot, combine 9 cups of water and ⅓ cup of baking soda. Bring this mixture to a boil over medium-high heat.

Shape the Pretzel Bites: Once the dough has risen, turn it out onto a lightly oiled work surface. Divide the dough into 12 equal pieces. Roll each piece into a rope approximately ¾-inch wide. Using a knife, cut each rope into 1-inch long segments to form the pretzel bites.

Boil the Pretzel Bites: Carefully place the pretzel bites into the boiling baking soda solution, about a dozen at a time. Let them boil for around 30 seconds per batch. Using a slotted spoon or spider strainer, remove the bites and place them onto the prepared baking sheets, ensuring they are not touching.

Apply Egg Wash and Salt: Brush the top of each pretzel bite with the egg wash (the whisked egg and water mixture) and sprinkle them with pretzel salt or coarse sea salt.

Bake: Place the baking sheets in the preheated oven and bake for 12 to 14 minutes, or until the pretzel bites are golden brown.

Optional Butter Glaze: For an extra buttery flavor, immediately brush the hot pretzel bites with additional melted butter after removing them from the oven.

Serve: These pretzel bites are best enjoyed warm. Serve them on their own or with your favorite dipping sauces such as cheese sauce, mustard, or marinara.